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This illustration shows how the vertebrae and cartilage discs are stacked with each other.
Cartilage discs are sandwiched between vertebrae and act as shock absorbing spacers.
The small foramina (opening) behind the disc are actually formed by three elements. These include the back wall the disc, plus the vertebra above it and below it. Nerves exit from these foramen.
The irritated disc (seen in red) is bulged forward. When a disc bulges backwards (The majority bulge backwards) it encroaches into the foramen putting pressure against the nerve. This is how symptoms are created.
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